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The aluminium ruler comes in three parts and is supplied inclusive measuring wedges and carrying bag. Tri-partite aluminium ruler The aluminium ruler is used for accurate measuring in mm of the planeness of bare surfaces such as asphalt, concrete, gravel, floors of sports accommodations, etc. Large diameter with carrying bag, dismountable poles and guy ropes. The counting mechanism is driven without vibrations.įig.5 Measuring wheel 1.6 Ground plate Available in the market are strikingly colored ground plates for stable positioning of the leveling staves.įield umbrella It is an umbrella for protecting of the level from obstructing light. The meter can be calibrated and has a measuring range of 9999.99 m and can be read-out in cm.
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This allows for easy sighting of the level and greater accuracy.įig.4 Abney Levels 1.5 Measuring wheel A surveyor's wheel, also called a click wheel, odometer, way wiser, trundle wheel, measuring wheel or perambulator is a device for measuring distance. The Topographic Abney Level is used at the eye height of the surveyor and is best employed when teamed with a second surveyor of the same eye height.
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By using trigonometry the user of a Topographic Abney Level can determine height, volume and grade. The Topographic Abney Level is used to measure degrees, percent of grade, topographic elevation andĬhainage correction.
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The compensator shall be magnet damped, so that after the instrument has been set almost horizontal, the line of sight can be carefully leveled using the automatic compensation mechanism.ġ.4 Abney Levels A Topographic Abney Level is an instrument used in surveying which consists of a fixed sighting tube, a movable spirit level that is connected to a pointing arm and a protractor scale. Good level instrument shall have property of automatic horizontal adjustment of the line of sight, an erect figure and a horizontal circle of 0 - 360° and large ribbed control buttons to simplify the adjustment of the instrument. This eliminates the need for an assistant staff member as the operator holds the reflector and controls the total station from the observed point.ġ.3 Automatic level It is an instrument to take levels of any surface. Robotic total stations allow the operator to control the instrument from a distance via remote control. The total station is an electronic theodolite (transit) integrated with an electronic distance meter (EDM) to read distances from the instrument to a particular point where an assistant staff holds reflector. When the telescope is pointed at a desired object, the angle of each of these axes can be measured with great precision, typically on the scale of arc seconds.ġ.2 Total Stations A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used in modern surveying. A modern theodolite consists of a movable telescope mounted within two perpendicular axes-the horizontal or turn-on axis and the vertical axis. It is a key tool in surveying and engineering work, particularly on inaccessible ground. 02 11 32 50 61 73 81 89 103 111 119 131 132 144 148 151ġ.1 Theodolites A theodolite is an instrument for measuring both horizontal and vertical angles, as used in triangulation networks. Chapter Surveying Equipment Earth Excavator Tipper (Dumper Truck) Dozer Equipment Vibratory Roller Grader Equipment Tunneling Equipment Lifting Equipment Sand Washing Equipment Concrete Mixer Concrete Batching and Mixing Plant Concrete Mixer Truck Concrete Pump Slipform Concrete Vibrator Hot Mix Plant/Asphalt Drum Mix Plant Page No. Research Designs And Standards Organisation, Lucknow – 226011 - 226011